The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Guidelines for the Construction of Service-oriented Manufacturing Standard System"

Guide

To effectively leverage standards in leading and supporting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology recently issued the "Guidelines for the Construction of Service-oriented Manufacturing Standards System," proposing that by 2025, a standard system capable of supporting the innovative development of service-oriented manufacturing will be basically formed. More than 20 service-oriented manufacturing standards will be cumulatively developed and revised, covering basic general, core elements, business types, and standards related to integrated business applications. A relatively complete service-oriented manufacturing standards system will be gradually established to enhance the public service capacity of service-oriented manufacturing standards, meet the needs of healthy and standardized development of service-oriented manufacturing, and promote the accelerated development of new models and new formats of service-oriented manufacturing.

Notice on Issuing the Guidelines for the Construction of Service-oriented Manufacturing Standards System

MIIT Science [2024] No. 32

Industrial and Information Technology Departments of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, relevant industry associations, standardization technical organizations, and professional institutions:

To effectively leverage standards in leading and supporting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries, our ministry has organized the preparation of the "Guidelines for the Construction of Service-oriented Manufacturing Standards System," which is now issued to you. Please implement it in standardization work in accordance with the actual conditions of your region, industry, and field.

General Office of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

May 14, 2024

Guidelines for the Construction of Service-oriented Manufacturing Standards System

Service-oriented manufacturing, as a new manufacturing model and industrial form integrating manufacturing and services, is an important measure to promote the integrated development of China's industries and build a modern industrial system. It is a key direction for the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries and an important path to achieve manufacturing transformation and upgrading and promote high-quality development of manufacturing. In recent years, China's service-oriented manufacturing has accelerated development, with new formats and new models continuously emerging. However, standardization work has lagged behind and urgently needs to establish and improve the standard system to consolidate the technical foundation for the development of service-oriented manufacturing.

According to the "14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 of the People's Republic of China," the "National Standardization Development Outline," and the "Guiding Opinions on Further Promoting Service-oriented Manufacturing Development," the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has organized the preparation of the "Guidelines for the Construction of Service-oriented Manufacturing Standards System" to coordinate and promote the standardization work of service-oriented manufacturing and support the innovative development of service-oriented manufacturing.

I. Connotation and Characteristics of Service-oriented Manufacturing

Service-oriented manufacturing is a new industrial form integrating manufacturing and services and an important direction for manufacturing transformation and upgrading. Manufacturing enterprises continuously increase the proportion of service elements in inputs and outputs by innovating and optimizing production organization forms, operation management methods, and business development models. They transform from mainly processing and assembly to "manufacturing + services," and from simply selling products to selling "products + services," which helps extend and enhance the value chain, improve total factor productivity, product added value, and market share.

Service-oriented manufacturing is an important path for industrial integration development, with four core characteristics: First, service-oriented manufacturing starts and ends with customers' functional and experiential needs for products, systematically designing, producing, delivering, operating, maintaining, and upgrading product-based services to realize value enhancement for all stakeholders. Second, it is a systemic transformation of the entire production and operation process, requiring manufacturing enterprises to shift from product-dominant thinking to customer-dominant thinking, comprehensively and systematically optimizing and changing corporate strategic decisions, organizational structure, business processes, production and manufacturing, human resources, and evaluation and accounting. Third, the core output of service-oriented manufacturing is a high value-added "product-service combination," based on manufacturing capabilities and supported by information technology, digitalization, and other technologies, integrating products, equipment, data, services, talents, and other resource elements to create new value. Fourth, service-oriented manufacturing emphasizes manufacturing as the foundation, enhancing service capabilities through the integration of manufacturing and services, further strengthening manufacturing technology and strength, and promoting high-quality development of manufacturing.

Service-oriented manufacturing integrates a package of manufacturing and service demands, deeply explores customer needs, and improves the efficiency of service element input and output. It is an important measure to achieve demand upgrading, enhance core industrial competitiveness, and build a new development pattern. Through service-oriented manufacturing, long-term cooperative relationships with stakeholders are established to improve the stability of industrial and supply chains. This is also an important means for manufacturing to smooth macroeconomic fluctuations, promote steady industrial growth, and enhance the resilience and security level of industrial and supply chains. In addition, service-oriented manufacturing requires stakeholders to jointly build common technology systems, key technology systems, standard systems, and other elements needed for industrial integration, establishing a new industrial ecosystem of user participation, shared manufacturing, and integrated services. It is an important path to achieve industrial transformation and upgrading and promote business innovation.

II. Overall Requirements

Adhering to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as guidance, fully implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, accelerating the promotion of new industrialization, based on the new development stage, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implementing the new development concept, building a new development pattern, thoroughly implementing the "14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035," the "National Standardization Development Outline," and the "Guiding Opinions on Further Promoting Service-oriented Manufacturing Development," accelerating the construction of a unified, integrated, advanced, applicable, and comprehensive service-oriented manufacturing standards system, increasing effective standard supply, strengthening standard application and implementation, coordinating and promoting standardization work, and fully playing the leading, normative, and supporting role of standards in promoting the innovative development of China's service-oriented manufacturing.

Strengthen coordination and promote jointly. Strengthen the top-level design of the service-oriented manufacturing standards system and promote cooperation and exchanges among industry, academia, research, and application parties. Encourage industry associations, research institutions, industry alliances, manufacturing enterprises, and other resources to participate in standard development, jointly promote standard application and implementation, build coordinated and supporting standard clusters, and orderly advance the construction of the service-oriented manufacturing standards system.

Industry collaboration and enhanced application. Focusing on the cross-industry and multi-field characteristics of service-oriented manufacturing, take an application-oriented approach and prioritize urgent needs. Guide and promote technical standards and industry application standards covering key scenarios and key models across multiple industries and fields, play the leading and normative role of standards in industrial integration, and accelerate the development of new formats and new models.

Innovation-led and continuous improvement. Based on the current status and trends of service-oriented manufacturing development, explore mechanisms to transform advanced and applicable scientific and technological achievements into standards, optimize and improve the system architecture in a timely manner, and gradually form an adaptive, scientific, and advanced service-oriented manufacturing standards system.

Optimize supply and open cooperation. Optimize the structure of standard supply, fully unleash the standardization vitality of market entities, give full play to the role of technology-leading enterprises, and formulate original and high-quality standards. Actively participate in international standardization exchanges and cooperation for service-oriented manufacturing, driving Chinese manufacturing and services to "go global."

By 2025, a standard system capable of supporting the innovative development of service-oriented manufacturing will be basically formed. More than 20 service-oriented manufacturing standards will be cumulatively developed and revised, basically covering basic general, core elements, business types, and standards related to integrated business applications. A relatively complete service-oriented manufacturing standards system will be gradually established to enhance the public service capacity of service-oriented manufacturing standards, meet the needs of healthy and standardized development of service-oriented manufacturing, and promote the accelerated development of new models and new formats of service-oriented manufacturing.

III. Construction Ideas

(1) Logical Structure of the Service-oriented Manufacturing Standards System

The service-oriented manufacturing standard system consists of four subsystems: basic general, core elements, business types, and integrated business applications. It comprehensively considers the interactions among these subsystems to form the logical structure of the standard system (Figure 1). Basic general standards serve as the foundational support for other subsystems of service-oriented manufacturing standards; core element standards act as the central hub of the service-oriented manufacturing system, achieving effective supply of product-service combinations through optimized allocation of resource elements; business type standards guide innovation in service-oriented manufacturing models in industrial practice; integrated business application standards meet the new business demands arising from the integration of manufacturing and services.

Figure 1 Logical Structure of the Service-Oriented Manufacturing Standard System

(2) Framework of the Service-Oriented Manufacturing Standard System

Extending and expanding the logical structure of the service-oriented manufacturing standard system to form the framework of the service-oriented manufacturing standard system (Figure 2).

Figure 2 Framework of the Service-Oriented Manufacturing Standard System

4. Construction Content

(1) Basic General Standards

Basic general standards are used to unify concepts related to service-oriented manufacturing and standardize general technologies and requirements, including three parts: terminology definition, management, and statistical evaluation.

1. Terminology Definition Standards

Terminology definition standards unify the concepts, understanding, and usage of terms related to service-oriented manufacturing, providing support for the formulation of other related standards.

2. Management Standards

Management standards regulate the management requirements of relevant responsible entities and core elements in service-oriented manufacturing, including two parts: customer management and safety risk management.

(1) Customer Management Standards: Standardize customer behavior throughout the entire lifecycle of the product-service combination to ensure efficient implementation and maximize benefits for both supply and demand sides, including classification of customer participation behaviors, customer participation process guidelines, and customer experience management.

(2) Safety Risk Management Standards: Propose management standards for identifying, evaluating, and controlling potential risks during the design, testing, delivery, and operation of product-service combinations, including engineering construction safety, service facility safety, service behavior safety, service data security, knowledge sharing security, and asset disposal safety.

3. Statistical Evaluation Standards

Statistical evaluation standards are used to assess the development status of service-oriented manufacturing at enterprise and regional levels, including four parts: comprehensive evaluation of enterprise service-oriented manufacturing, input-output measurement of enterprise service-oriented manufacturing, comprehensive evaluation of enterprise sustainable development, and comprehensive evaluation of regional service-oriented manufacturing.

(1) Comprehensive Evaluation Standards for Enterprise Service-Oriented Manufacturing: Standardize the assessment of the maturity level of enterprise service-oriented manufacturing development, including evaluation of strategy, organization, capability system construction, and development effectiveness.

(2) Input-Output Measurement Standards for Enterprise Service-Oriented Manufacturing: Standardize methods for measuring service input and service added value of service-oriented manufacturing enterprises.

(3) Comprehensive Evaluation Standards for Enterprise Sustainable Development: Used to assess the sustainability of service-oriented manufacturing enterprise development, measuring the relationship between corporate governance and environment and society, and building a new business ecosystem that is green, low-carbon, and sustainable.

(4) Comprehensive Evaluation Standards for Regional Service-Oriented Manufacturing: Used to assess the maturity level of regional service-oriented manufacturing development, including evaluation of regional manufacturing foundation, service-oriented manufacturing development ecology, and development effectiveness.

(2) Core Element Standards

Core element standards regulate the key elements for developing service-oriented manufacturing to achieve efficient supply of product-service combinations, including four parts: product-service combinations, resource pools, organization and processes, and talent.

1. Product-Service Combination Standards

Product-service combination standards regulate the process by which service-oriented manufacturing enterprises provide product-service combinations, including seven parts: product-service demand engineering, product-service combination design, infrastructure configuration, product-service combination testing, product-service combination delivery, product-service combination after-sales management, and product-service supply-demand network.

(1) Product-Service Demand Engineering Standards: Regulate relevant technologies and management for mining customer needs in the early stage of product-service combination design, including requirement acquisition, requirement analysis and modeling, and requirement management.

(2) Product-Service Combination Design Standards: Regulate technologies and management during the early development process of product-service combinations, including conceptual design, detailed design, and prototype design, covering product-service combination configuration, product-service combination blueprint, product-service interfaces, product-service level agreements, and product-service combination pricing.

(3) Infrastructure Configuration Standards: Regulate the design and deployment of infrastructure supporting the delivery and operation of product-service combinations, including digital systems, physical facilities, layout and planning of facilities, deployment and testing of facilities.

(4) Product-Service Combination Testing Standards: Regulate the simulation process of product-service combinations based on customer experience, including quality testing, reliability testing, and service process testing.

(5) Product-Service Combination Delivery Standards: Regulate the delivery process of product-service combinations by service-oriented manufacturing enterprises, including delivery process management and delivery performance evaluation.

(6) Product-Service Combination After-Sales Management Standards: Regulate after-sales management of product-service combinations based on customer feedback, including service quality control, service supervision, service optimization, and service remediation.

(7) Product-Service Supply-Demand Network Standards: Regulate the planning, design, and operation management of logistics, information flow, and capital flow across enterprises, industries, and regions during the implementation of service-oriented manufacturing, including requirements for product-service combination bill of materials, product-service combination procurement, product-service supply chain management business reference model, product-service supply chain management platform construction, and product-service supply chain management performance evaluation.

2. Resource Pool Standards

Resource pool standards regulate various data collections, knowledge collections, etc., involved in service-oriented manufacturing, laying the foundation for integration and interaction of product-service combinations and supporting the realization of product-service functions, including two parts: product-service database and product-service knowledge base.

(1) Product-Service Database Standards: Regulate the acquisition, transformation, storage, query, and application of related data in the service-oriented manufacturing process.

(2) Product-Service Knowledge Base Standards: Regulate the storage, management, and use of related knowledge in the service-oriented manufacturing process, including scientific knowledge, organizational knowledge, and information science and technology.

3. Organization and Process Standards

Organization and process standards regulate organizational structure design and resource allocation such as department setup and process operation during the development of service-oriented manufacturing enterprises, including two parts: enterprise organization and processes, and cross-organization collaboration.

(1) Enterprise Organization and Process Standards: Regulate organizational structure adjustments and collaboration process improvements in service-oriented manufacturing enterprises to achieve rapid service response and effective personnel allocation, management resource allocation, and material resource assurance.

(2) Cross-Organization Collaboration Standards: Regulate collaborative manufacturing and service business process interfaces among related service-oriented manufacturing enterprises to form effective collaboration networks and achieve value co-creation.

4. Talent Standards

Talent standards regulate the management system of the compound innovative talent team in service-oriented manufacturing, focusing on the "selection, cultivation, utilization, and retention" mechanism, including four parts: talent evaluation, talent recruitment, talent cultivation, and talent utilization and retention.

(1) Talent Evaluation Standards: Standardize the abilities and comprehensive qualities that service-oriented manufacturing composite innovative talents should meet, including knowledge, skills, experience, etc. Establish talent evaluation standards for various levels and lines, such as product service manager evaluation standards and professional technical service personnel evaluation standards.

(2) Talent Recruitment Standards: Standardize the internal and external recruitment mechanisms for service-oriented manufacturing composite innovative talents, ensuring smooth supply of talents inside and outside the enterprise, including selection criteria and selection processes.

(3) Talent Cultivation Standards: Standardize the training and development system for service-oriented manufacturing composite innovative talents to accelerate talent growth, including curriculum systems, faculty systems, and management systems.

(4) Talent Utilization and Retention Standards: Standardize the employment and talent incentive and retention systems for service-oriented manufacturing composite innovative talents, including career development path design, cadre selection mechanisms, reserve team building mechanisms, salary and performance systems, short-, medium-, and long-term incentive systems, and talent care systems.

(3) Business Type Standards

Business type standards are used to regulate and guide service-oriented manufacturing innovation models in industrial practice, including 10 parts: industrial design services, customized services, supply chain management, shared manufacturing, inspection and certification services, full lifecycle management, total integration and contracting, energy-saving and environmental protection services, production finance services, and other innovative models.

1. Industrial Design Service Standards: Standardize industrial design services carried out by service-oriented manufacturing enterprises, focusing on characteristics such as diversified demands, capability platformization, and technology sharing, with emphasis on industrial design service demand analysis and common technologies.

2. Customized Service Standards: Standardize large-scale personalized customization services carried out by service-oriented manufacturing enterprises, focusing on characteristics such as diverse customer types, large scale, and deep user participation, emphasizing customer demand mining methods, design methods for personalized products and services, and customized service implementation processes.

3. Supply Chain Management Standards: Standardize supply chain management services carried out by service-oriented manufacturing enterprises, focusing on characteristics such as collaboration and greening, emphasizing supplier evaluation and management, procurement processes, contract management, delivery, and post-delivery services.

4. Shared Manufacturing Standards: Standardize shared manufacturing services carried out by service-oriented manufacturing enterprises, focusing on characteristics such as flexibility and dynamism, emphasizing manufacturing resource sharing, shared manufacturing demand analysis, and shared manufacturing platform construction and operation.

5. Inspection, Testing, and Certification Service Standards: Standardize inspection, testing, and certification services carried out by service-oriented manufacturing enterprises, emphasizing evaluation and management of inspection and testing service providers, inspection and testing methods, quality management, procedures, certification service provision, and related public service platform construction.

6. Full Lifecycle Management Standards: Standardize full-chain services carried out by service-oriented manufacturing enterprises from R&D design, production, installation and commissioning, delivery and use to status warning, fault diagnosis, maintenance, and recycling, focusing on monitoring data of product service full lifecycle status, emphasizing product health management, remote product operation and maintenance, as well as system recycling and upgrades.

7. Total Integration and Contracting Standards: Standardize resource integration and system integration services carried out by service-oriented manufacturing enterprises, focusing on integrated system solutions of "hardware + software + platform + service," emphasizing integrated system operation services, integrator service provision, engineering contracting services, and related strategic and management consulting services.

8. Energy-saving and Environmental Protection Service Standards: Standardize energy-saving and environmental protection services carried out by service-oriented manufacturing enterprises, emphasizing energy-saving and environmental protection evaluation, monitoring, contract energy management, remanufacturing and reuse services, and professional energy-saving services.

9. Production Finance Service Standards: Standardize production finance services carried out by service-oriented manufacturing enterprises, emphasizing supporting financial services for production and manufacturing, risk assessment and control, capital operation, and production finance service processes.

10. Other Innovative Model Standards: Standardize other "manufacturing + service" innovative models carried out by service-oriented manufacturing enterprises.

(4) Integrated Business Application Standards

New service-oriented manufacturing business forms refer to new integrated industrial forms where production organizations break traditional industry division barriers to reshape industrial relations, cross-border integrate related production factors, and produce new combinations of similar product services to meet specific market value demands. These new business forms are still in the exploratory formation process but have become an inevitable trend in business innovation, requiring consideration, regulation, and guidance within the standard system.

Integrated business application standards are used to regulate and guide the system architecture, terminology definitions, and product service combination content in various application scenarios of new service-oriented manufacturing business forms, including two parts: service-oriented manufacturing new business forms oriented to life and those oriented to production.

1. Service-oriented Manufacturing New Business Forms Oriented to Life Standards: Guide and regulate new integrated business forms mainly based on life service scenarios formed around end consumers' livelihood needs such as clothing, food, housing, transportation, health, and culture. For example, some traditional transportation equipment manufacturing industries (aircraft, ships, automobiles, motorcycles, etc.) and pure travel service industries (travel service platforms, navigation service platforms, battery swapping service platforms, etc.) provide integrated manufacturing and service travel solutions to meet various travel needs in life, thus forming new travel service business forms.

2. Service-oriented Manufacturing New Business Forms Oriented to Production Standards: Guide and regulate new integrated business forms aimed at industrial service scenarios formed around production operation needs in different stages such as raw material procurement, design, production, logistics, and operation. For example, crossing traditional air separation equipment manufacturing enterprises and gas operation service industries to provide integrated manufacturing and service industrial gas solutions to meet various gas usage needs in production and operation, thus forming new industrial gas service business forms.

5. Organization and Implementation

(1) Strengthen Overall Coordination: Encourage and support relevant industry associations, industrial alliances, research institutions, universities, and enterprises to participate in standard organization construction, standard development, and application, fully leverage the synergy of all parties, strengthen coordination of standardization work across industries and fields, establish a unified coordination mechanism, and promote the construction and implementation of the service-oriented manufacturing standard system.

(2) Accelerate Standard Development: Promote optimization of the dual structure of government-issued standards and market self-developed standards, support and guide pioneering regions, social groups, and leading enterprises to actively participate in standard formulation and application, encourage pilot implementation of group standards and enterprise standards. Closely combine service-oriented manufacturing development needs and industrial realities, timely revise the service-oriented manufacturing standard system construction guidelines, and achieve dynamic updates and iterative optimization.

(3) Strengthen Promotion and Implementation: Enhance encouragement for industry associations, industrial alliances, and standardization technical organizations to carry out publicity and training on key standards, guide enterprises to actively benchmark and comply, and promote standard implementation. Support relevant units to organize publicity and implementation work for service-oriented manufacturing standards, select a batch of excellent pilot enterprises for standard implementation, and promote standard adoption through practical cases.

(4) Promote International Cooperation: Increase research on international standards and advanced foreign standards, encourage Chinese enterprises and institutions to actively participate in international standardization activities, promote exchanges and cooperation among standardization technical personnel, jointly research and develop international standards and service trade rules, and enhance international discourse power and influence.