Jointly promote the green and low-carbon transformation of traditional manufacturing industries

　　China's manufacturing industry accounts for nearly 30% of the global share, maintaining the world's top position for many consecutive years. It is an important force for stabilizing economic growth and participating in international competition. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed promoting the high-end, intelligent, and green development of manufacturing, pointing out the direction for further development of the manufacturing industry.

　　★ Intelligent Manufacturing Supports Green and Low-Carbon Transformation

　　Intelligent manufacturing provides new ideas for the green and low-carbon transformation of traditional manufacturing, effectively reducing carbon emissions and pollution while improving industrial efficiency, achieving a "win-win" for economic and environmental benefits.

　　First, promote energy efficiency upgrades. Intelligent manufacturing applies models and methods such as digital factories, industrial Internet of Things, and intelligent robots to improve energy utilization technologies and production processes in manufacturing enterprises, promote the intelligent transformation of green technologies, and foster digital and intelligent green production platforms such as green product design systems, green manufacturing decision systems, and green product recycling systems, helping the manufacturing industry improve quality and efficiency and revitalize itself in the green and low-carbon transformation and upgrading.

　　Second, assist in upgrading the value chain. Intelligent technologies are applied to various links of the manufacturing industry chain, including production management, research and development design, assembly processes, and after-sales service, breaking innovation bottlenecks in each link, reducing defect rates and raw material waste, increasing product added value, achieving refined and flexible production, and promoting the manufacturing industry to move toward the mid-to-high end of the global value chain.

　　Third, achieve refined emission reduction. Intelligent manufacturing, with its characteristics of self-perception, self-learning, self-decision-making, self-execution, and self-adaptation, realizes refined control, operation, and management of the entire process and all scenarios of manufacturing. Through process reengineering and full lifecycle design, it forms ecological design standards, establishes digital and intelligent energy management platforms, builds intelligent evaluation systems, and achieves comprehensive carbon emission and pollution reduction across the full lifecycle, entire industry chain, and all dimensions.

　　★ Multiple Measures Jointly Promote Green and Low-Carbon Transformation

　　The coordinated development of intelligence and greenness is an important means to achieve the "dual carbon" goals. Currently, it is urgent to adopt multiple measures to convey the responsibility and pressure of transformation, enhance determination, tap potential, stimulate motivation, and form a joint force for transformation.

　　First, strengthen carbon reduction planning in manufacturing to convey the responsibility and pressure of green and low-carbon transformation. Firstly, incorporate green and low-carbon goals into manufacturing industry development plans. Clarify China's manufacturing carbon reduction and pollution control targets for the 14th Five-Year Plan and the medium to long term, formulate green and low-carbon development standards and action routes by industry, include key indicators such as energy efficiency, carbon footprint, and pollutant reduction in local industry plans, anchor transformation goals and dual carbon constraints, and adhere to classified guidance and industry-specific policies. Secondly, implement special actions for energy saving and carbon reduction in manufacturing. Fully implement the carbon peak action plan for the manufacturing industry, focus on key breakthroughs, accelerate the reduction of high energy-consuming and high-emission industrial capacity, and speed up energy saving and carbon reduction in key industries. Thirdly, establish intelligent monitoring and evaluation systems for pollution and carbon reduction. Develop intelligent detection and evaluation methods and technologies for manufacturing carbon and pollution reduction, improve intelligent monitoring and evaluation data management systems, perfect the management system for data collection, transmission, storage, sharing, and application of manufacturing carbon and pollution reduction, timely and accurately monitor and feedback the green and low-carbon performance of manufacturing enterprises, and strengthen plan implementation.

　　Second, leverage market mechanisms to enhance strategic determination for green and low-carbon transformation. Firstly, improve the carbon emission trading market to internalize the externalities of enterprise carbon reduction. Gradually optimize the national carbon trading market mechanism, implement unified and standardized industry standards and trading rules, appropriately tighten carbon quota volumes, introduce clear carbon pricing rules, strengthen emission reduction constraints, continuously improve carbon market information disclosure mechanisms, enhance trading efficiency, and fully release market signals to incentivize transformation. Secondly, accelerate the development of green finance to alleviate financing constraints for enterprises' green and low-carbon transformation. Build a full-chain carbon financial service system including green credit, green bonds, green insurance, carbon asset management, and carbon trusts to support enterprises' green and low-carbon transformation, expand financing channels, reduce financing costs, and effectively prevent financial risks brought by green and low-carbon transformation. Thirdly, actively respond to carbon tariffs and effectively address carbon leakage. The EU carbon tariff policy was implemented this year, significantly increasing export costs for high-carbon enterprises, forcing enterprises to accelerate green and low-carbon transformation, improve overall energy efficiency, find breakthroughs to turn "crisis" into "opportunity," obtain a global "green pass" for products, and reduce carbon tariff costs.

　　Third, actively implement demonstration actions to tap the innovation potential of green and low-carbon transformation. Firstly, cultivate a batch of intelligent manufacturing demonstration enterprises. Guided by core intelligent manufacturing technology routes, focus on building a batch of intelligent manufacturing demonstration enterprises, support a number of intelligent manufacturing enterprises with top industry value chain positions, strong innovation capabilities, and brand influence to go public, and expand and optimize the intelligent manufacturing enterprise matrix. Secondly, create a batch of green and low-carbon demonstration factories. Actively carry out the creation of "energy-saving and low-carbon demonstration," "zero-carbon demonstration," and "green manufacturing demonstration" projects, continuously strengthen the capabilities of demonstration factories in product greening, clean production, and low-carbon energy, and play a leading role to drive a wider range of manufacturing enterprises toward green and low-carbon transformation. Thirdly, build a batch of green and low-carbon transformation demonstration zones integrating digital and physical aspects. Form and share effective paths and advanced experiences for the coordinated development of intelligent manufacturing and green and low-carbon transformation.

　　Fourth, focus on optimizing the business environment to stimulate development momentum for green and low-carbon transformation. Strengthen factor guarantees, focus on elements such as capital, technology, and talent, and formulate preferential policies to support intelligent manufacturing and green and low-carbon transformation. Firstly, establish special fiscal funds and industrial investment guidance funds, guide financial institutions to develop green financial products, and increase financial support for enterprises' intelligent manufacturing and green and low-carbon transformation. Secondly, accelerate talent introduction and cultivation, promote full-chain talent training for intelligent manufacturing and green and low-carbon transformation, strengthen strategic reserves of key technology R&D talents, and solve talent bottlenecks in the green and low-carbon transformation of manufacturing. Thirdly, set up dedicated technology R&D funds, focus on key core common technologies, concentrate efforts on major foundational and long-term scientific and technological projects, and solve "bottleneck" problems.

　　Fifth, build a good industrial ecosystem to gather strong forces for green and low-carbon transformation. Firstly, strengthen the construction of intelligent manufacturing R&D innovation public service platforms. Coordinate and integrate domestic and international advanced intelligent manufacturing solution providers, intelligent equipment manufacturers, industrial software developers, and other advantageous resources to establish professional service platforms for the intelligent transformation of manufacturing, provide technical consulting, personnel training, resource sharing, and other support for intelligent transformation enterprises, improve public services in collaborative manufacturing, customized services, supply chain management, and other fields, and empower manufacturing enterprises to upgrade from "manufacturing" to "intelligent manufacturing." Secondly, actively build intelligent manufacturing industry clusters. Integrate the industrial chain with intelligent manufacturing R&D innovation public platforms, form an industrial organizational structure based on cloud service platforms for cooperation in R&D, innovation, and transformation among large, medium, and small enterprises, and promote joint transformation and coordinated carbon reduction among upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain. Thirdly, strengthen cooperation among government, enterprises, and relevant industry associations to provide joint efforts for green and low-carbon transformation. (Author affiliation: China Government Regulation and Public Policy Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics; China Government Regulation Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics)