To the industrial and information technology, education, science and technology, transportation, culture and tourism, and state-owned assets supervision departments of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government, cities specifically designated in the state plan, and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps; all units affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences; communication administrations of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities; relevant central enterprises; and all relevant units:
Future industries are driven by frontier technologies and are currently in the nascent or early industrialization stage. They are forward-looking emerging industries with significant strategic, leading, disruptive, and uncertain characteristics. Vigorously developing future industries is a strategic choice to lead scientific and technological progress, drive industrial upgrading, and cultivate new quality productive forces. To implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the "14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035" of the People's Republic of China, seize the opportunities of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, accelerate the development of future industries focusing on the main battlefield of manufacturing, and support the advancement of new industrialization, the following opinions are proposed.
Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, comprehensively, accurately, and fully implement the new development philosophy, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, coordinate development and security, take the high-end upgrading of traditional industries and the industrialization of frontier technologies as the main line, driven by innovation, led by enterprises, guided by scenarios, and grasped by landmark products. Follow the laws of scientific and technological innovation and industrial development, strengthen forward-looking planning and policy guidance, actively cultivate future industries, accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces, and provide strong support for building a strong country.
Forward-looking deployment, phased cultivation. Adapt to the trend of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, focus on major national needs and strategically contested fields, plan systematically, and layout ahead of time. Grasp the development laws of future industries, cultivate in stages, and adjust dynamically.
Innovation-driven, application-led. Lead the development of future industries through breakthroughs in frontier technologies, strengthen original and disruptive technological innovation. Guided by scenarios, integrate research and development with application, and accelerate industrialization.
Ecological collaboration, systematic advancement. Gather resources from government, industry, academia, research, and application, integrate capital, talent, technology, data, and other elements, and build an industrial ecosystem deeply integrating innovation chains, industrial chains, capital chains, and talent chains.
Open cooperation, safe and orderly. Actively participate in global division of labor and cooperation in future industries, deeply integrate into the global innovation network. Coordinate technological innovation and ethical governance, and create an inclusive, prudent, safe, and sustainable development environment.
By 2025, Achieve comprehensive development in future industry technological innovation, industrial cultivation, and safety governance, with some fields reaching international advanced levels and the industrial scale steadily increasing. Build a number of future industry incubators and pilot zones, break through over a hundred frontier key core technologies, form a hundred landmark products, cultivate a hundred leading enterprises, develop a hundred typical application scenarios, formulate a hundred key standards, nurture a hundred professional service organizations, and preliminarily form a future industry development model suited to China's actual conditions.
By 2027, Significantly enhance the comprehensive strength of future industries, with some fields achieving global leadership. Make major breakthroughs in key core technologies, widely apply a batch of new technologies, new products, new business formats, and new models, achieve large-scale development of key industries, cultivate a batch of ecologically dominant leading enterprises, build a development pattern of coordinated linkage among future industries, advantageous industries, emerging industries, and traditional industries, form a sustainable long-term mechanism, and become an important source of future industries worldwide.
(1) Comprehensive layout of future industries
1. Strengthen forward-looking planning and deployment. Grasp global scientific and technological innovation and industrial development trends, focus on promoting the development of six major directions: future manufacturing, future information, future materials, future energy, future space, and future health industries. Build future industry lookout stations, use artificial intelligence, advanced computing, and other technologies to accurately identify and cultivate high-potential future industries. Leverage the advantages of the new national system, guide localities to reasonably plan, precisely cultivate, and develop future industries in a differentiated manner based on industrial foundation and resource endowment. Utilize frontier technology as an increment driver, target high-end, intelligent, and green directions, accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and provide new momentum for building a modern industrial system.
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Column 1: Forward-looking deployment of new tracks
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Future Manufacturing. Develop intelligent manufacturing, bio-manufacturing, nano-manufacturing, laser manufacturing, and circular manufacturing; break through key core technologies such as intelligent control, intelligent sensing, and simulation; promote flexible manufacturing, shared manufacturing, and other models; and advance the development of industrial internet and industrial metaverse.
Future Information. Promote the industrial application of next-generation mobile communications, satellite internet, quantum information, and other technologies; accelerate innovation breakthroughs in quantum, photonic, and other computing technologies; deeply empower brain-like intelligence, collective intelligence, large models, and accelerate the cultivation of intelligent industries.
Future Materials. Promote the upgrading of advanced basic materials such as non-ferrous metals, chemicals, and inorganic non-metals; develop key strategic materials such as high-performance carbon fiber and advanced semiconductors; accelerate the innovative application of frontier new materials such as superconducting materials.
Future Energy. Focus on key areas such as nuclear energy, nuclear fusion, hydrogen energy, and biomass energy; build a full-chain future energy equipment system covering "collection-storage-transportation-application." Develop new types of crystalline silicon solar cells, thin-film solar cells, and related electronic special equipment; accelerate the development of new energy storage; and promote the integration and upgrading of the energy electronics industry.
Future Space. Focus on fields such as aerospace, deep sea, and deep earth, developing high-end equipment including manned spaceflight, lunar and Mars exploration, satellite navigation, airborne unmanned systems, and advanced efficient aircraft. Accelerate the development and innovative application of deep-sea submersibles, deep-sea operation equipment, deep-sea search and rescue detection devices, and deep-sea intelligent unmanned platforms. Promote equipment development in areas such as deep earth resource exploration, urban underground space development and utilization, and polar exploration and operations.
Future Health. Accelerate the industrialization of frontier technologies such as cell and gene technology, synthetic biology, and biological breeding. Promote the empowerment of new medical services through technologies like 5G/6G, metaverse, and artificial intelligence. Develop high-end medical equipment and health products integrating advanced technologies such as digital twins and brain-computer interaction. |
(2) Accelerate Technological Innovation and Industrialization
2. Enhance Innovation Capability. Implement national major science and technology projects and key scientific research programs focused on future industry priorities, accelerating breakthroughs in key core technologies. Leverage innovation platforms such as national laboratories and key national laboratories to strengthen the supply of fundamental common technologies. Encourage leading enterprises to lead the formation of innovation consortia, gathering resources from industry, academia, research, and application to systematically advance key technological challenges. Promote cross-domain technological integration and innovation, accelerate disruptive technology breakthroughs, and build original technology sources. Host future industry innovation and entrepreneurship competitions to stimulate innovation momentum across sectors.
3. Promote Achievement Transformation. Publish directories for the application and promotion of frontier technologies, build an "online release hall" for future industry achievements, create product trading platforms, and hold achievement matchmaking exhibitions to promote precise supply-demand matching. Establish new models for science and technology services and technology markets, select professional institutions for science and technology achievement evaluation and transfer, and explore application scenarios and business models. Implement incentive policies for the first sets of major technical equipment and first batches of materials, accelerating the application and promotion of new technologies and products.
(3) Build Iconic Products
4. Breakthrough Next-Generation Intelligent Terminals. Develop industrial terminal products that adapt to general intelligent trends, supporting quality and efficiency improvements in industrial production and empowering new industrialization. Develop consumer-grade terminals that are large-scale, intelligent, convenient, and immersive to meet new demands in digital life, digital culture, and public services. Create smart and elderly-friendly medical health terminals to improve the quality of life and health of the people. Break through super terminals with explosive potential such as high-level intelligent connected vehicles and metaverse entry points, building new competitive advantages for the industry.
5. Optimize Information Service Products. Develop next-generation operating systems to build a secure and reliable digital foundation. Promote open-source technologies, build open-source communities, and construct open-source ecosystems. Explore next-generation internet innovative applications and digital ecosystems centered on blockchain technology and data as key elements. Accelerate software product development for new-generation mobile information networks and brain-like intelligence, encourage demonstration applications of new products, and stimulate the potential of information services.
6. Strengthen Future High-End Equipment. Facing major national strategic needs and the people's aspiration for a better life, accelerate the implementation of major technical equipment research projects, breaking through high-end equipment products such as humanoid robots, quantum computers, ultra-high-speed trains, next-generation large aircraft, green intelligent ships, and unmanned vessels. Drive the industrialization of new technologies through complete machines, building a globally leading high-end equipment system. Deeply implement the industrial foundation reconstruction project, addressing shortcomings in basic components, basic parts, basic materials, basic processes, and basic software, consolidating the foundation for future industry development.
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Column 2: Innovative Iconic Products
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Humanoid Robots. Break through core technologies such as high torque density servo motors for robots, high-dynamic motion planning and control, bionic perception and cognition, intelligent dexterous hands, and electronic skin. Focus on promoting the development and application of products in fields such as intelligent manufacturing, home services, and special environment operations.
Quantum Computers. Strengthen research and development of fault-tolerant universal quantum computing technology, improve physical hardware indicators and algorithm error correction performance, promote coordinated deployment of quantum software and quantum cloud platforms, leverage the advantages of quantum computing, and explore penetration into vertical industry applications.
New Displays. Accelerate research on quantum dot displays, holographic displays, and other technologies. Break through Micro-LED, laser, printing, and other display technologies to achieve large-scale application, realizing barrier-free, fully flexible, and 3D stereoscopic display effects. Accelerate promotion in scenarios such as smart terminals, intelligent connected vehicles, remote connections, and cultural content presentation.
Brain-Computer Interfaces. Break through key technologies and core components such as brain-computer integration, brain-like chips, and brain computational neural models. Develop a batch of easy-to-use and safe brain-computer interface products, encouraging exploration of applications in typical fields such as medical rehabilitation, autonomous driving, and virtual reality.
6G Network Equipment. Conduct research on advanced wireless communications, new network architectures, cross-domain integration, space-air-ground-sea integration, and network and data security technologies. Develop concept prototypes of wireless key technologies, forming characteristic applications represented by holographic communication and digital twins.
Ultra-Large-Scale New Intelligent Computing Centers. Accelerate breakthroughs in GPU chips, cluster low-latency interconnection networks, heterogeneous resource management, and other technologies. Build ultra-large-scale intelligent computing centers to meet the needs of large model iterative training and application inference.
Third-Generation Internet. Promote pilot applications of the third-generation internet in data exchanges, explore using blockchain technology to connect data across key industry and field platforms, research third-generation internet digital identity authentication systems, establish data governance and transaction circulation mechanisms, and form replicable and promotable typical cases.
High-End Cultural Tourism Equipment. Develop specialized and supporting software for cultural and entertainment creation. Promote the development of advanced equipment for performing arts and amusement, high-end water, land, and air tourism equipment, immersive experience facilities, smart tourism systems, and testing and monitoring platforms. Develop intelligent, high-end, and complete sets of cultural tourism equipment.
Advanced Efficient Aviation Equipment. Focus on the development of next-generation large aircraft, breaking through core technologies such as new layouts, intelligent piloting, interconnected avionics, multi-electric systems, and open-rotor hybrid power engines. Promote advanced concept research on supersonic, ultra-efficient subsonic, and new energy passenger aircraft. Accelerate the development and application of electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft and intelligent efficient aviation logistics equipment to meet future smart air traffic demands.
Deep Resource Exploration and Development Equipment. Focusing on deep operation needs, driven by high-end resource exploration and development equipment such as ultra-deep intelligent drilling rig engineering prototypes, deep-sea oil and gas underwater production systems, and deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining vehicles, promote a series of key technological breakthroughs. |
(4) Strengthen Industry Entities
7. Cultivate high-level enterprise teams. Guide leading enterprises to proactively plan new tracks, cultivating future industry entities through internal entrepreneurship, investment incubation, etc. Implement the Central Enterprises Future Industry Launch Action Plan to accelerate the cultivation of new future industry enterprises. Build incubation bases for innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in future industries, progressively cultivating specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative SMEs, high-tech enterprises, and "little giant" enterprises. Support the rapid development of new R&D institutions and cultivate diversified forces to promote future industries.
8. Build characteristic industrial chains. Rely on leading enterprises to cultivate future industry chains and build advanced technology systems. Encourage qualified regions to pilot first, combining national independent innovation demonstration zones, national high-tech industrial development zones, new industrialization industry demonstration bases, etc., to create future industry pilot zones and promote specialized industrial agglomeration development. Innovate management mechanisms, build digital supply chain and industrial chains, promote the convergence of innovation resources, and accelerate the efficient flow of production factors such as data and knowledge.
9. Construct industrial ecosystems. Strengthen collaboration among industry, academia, research, and application to build future industry innovation consortia, constructing an ecosystem that integrates large, medium, and small enterprises for coordinated development and collaborative innovation along the industrial chain. Enhance mutual recognition of standards and factor connectivity under the unified national market, improve the resilience of industrial and supply chains, and build an industrial ecosystem with product support and coordinated hardware and software.
(5) Enrich Application Scenarios
10. Develop new industrialization scenarios. Focus on key areas such as equipment, raw materials, and consumer goods, creating application test fields for design, production, testing, operation, and maintenance stages to promote the maturity of future industry technologies through product-scale iterative applications. Deepen the integration of new-generation information technology and manufacturing, accelerate the restructuring of industrial chain structures, processes, and models, and explore new applications in future manufacturing. Leverage the rich scenario advantages of central enterprises to accelerate the construction of diversified future manufacturing scenarios. Accelerate the promotion of emerging scenarios such as industrial metaverse and biomanufacturing, driving manufacturing transformation and upgrading through scenario innovation.
11. Build cross-sector integration scenarios. Rely on major events to achieve cross-field and comprehensive pilot applications of cutting-edge technologies and products, creating demonstration benchmarks. Based on major projects and engineering scenarios such as manned spaceflight and deep-sea and deep-earth exploration, accelerate the exploration of innovative applications in future space directions to serve national strategic needs. Rely on urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas to build green and intensive industry-city integration scenarios. Innovate future information service scenarios to accelerate the formation of a new paradigm of inclusive, equal, convenient, and intelligent information services.
12. Build landmark scenarios. Regularly select and publish lists and recommended catalogs of typical application scenarios, establishing libraries of excellent cases and solutions. Guide localities to develop characteristic benchmark demonstration scenarios, organize high-level supply-demand matching activities based on scenarios, and accelerate the promotion of new technologies and products. Encourage enterprises to carry out innovative R&D targeting application scenarios, support universities and research institutes in building early test scenarios for original and disruptive technologies, leading breakthroughs in future technology iterations.
(6) Optimize Industrial Support Systems
13. Strengthen standard leadership and patent protection. Based on future industry development needs, coordinate the layout of future industry standardization development routes and accelerate the formulation of key standards. Conduct timely promotion and training for key standards, guiding enterprises to benchmark and comply, accelerating the application and promotion of future industry standards. Promote the coordinated development of standards, patents, and technologies, guiding enterprises to integrate independent intellectual property rights with technical standards. Improve the construction and reserve mechanisms of independent intellectual property rights in key fields, deepen cooperation with international and domestic intellectual property organizations, and build a high-quality patent selection, evaluation, and promotion system for future industries.
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Column 3: Strengthen Standard Leadership
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Forward-looking layout of standard research. Focus on key areas such as metaverse, brain-computer interfaces, and quantum information to develop standardization roadmaps, formulate standards for basic general, key technologies, test methods, key products, typical applications, and safety ethics, and promote relevant standard formulation in a timely manner.
Promote standard application pilots. Organize relevant industry associations, standardization professional institutions, and technical organizations to carry out promotion and training of future industry standards based on enterprise development needs, introducing advanced technologies, concepts, and methods into enterprise R&D, production, and management in the form of standards.
Deepen international cooperation on standards. Support domestic enterprises and institutions to deeply participate in international standardization activities such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), organize upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain to jointly promote the development of international standards, and explore the establishment of international standardization alliance organizations.
Build intellectual property systems. Establish a future industry intellectual property operation service platform to conduct intellectual property risk monitoring and assessment. Form intellectual property alliances, build industry patent pools, conduct patent analysis of key industrial chains, and build high-quality patent selection, evaluation, and promotion systems. |
14. Simultaneously build pilot test capabilities. Build a batch of pilot test and application verification platforms according to industry needs, improve the supply capacity of precision measuring instruments, high-end test equipment, design simulation software, etc., provide trial environments for key technology verification, and accelerate the transformation of new technologies into real productivity. Build a batch of public pilot test service institutions to improve pilot test service levels such as engineering development, technology maturation, sample trial production, and testing verification.
15. Build professional talent teams. Vigorously cultivate leading entrepreneurs and scientists in future industries, optimize and encourage an innovation and entrepreneurship environment that tolerates failure. Stimulate the innovation vitality of researchers, build a number of future technology institutes, and explore training models for compound innovative talents. Strengthen school-enterprise joint training, expand overseas talent introduction channels, and increase the introduction of urgently needed high-level talents in frontier fields.
16. Strengthen new infrastructure. Deepen the construction of 5G, computing power infrastructure, industrial internet, internet of things, vehicle networking, gigabit optical networks, etc., and forward-looking layout research on key technologies such as 6G, satellite internet, and direct satellite-to-phone connections, building new digital infrastructure that is high-speed, ubiquitous, integrated, interconnected, intelligent, green, safe, and efficient. Guide major scientific and technological infrastructure to serve future industries, deepen sharing of facilities, equipment, and data, and accelerate the transformation and application of frontier technologies. Promote the integration and empowerment of new-generation information technology with traditional infrastructure such as transportation, energy, and water conservancy, develop the digital economy of highways, and accelerate the digital transformation of infrastructure.
(1) Strengthen overall coordination. Under the leadership of the Central Science and Technology Commission, and according to the requirements of the National Manufacturing Power Construction Leading Group, form a working pattern of inter-ministerial coordination and central-local cooperation. Use the implementation opinions as a guide, formulate special policy documents around professional fields such as brain-computer interfaces and quantum information, and form a complete future industry policy system. Leverage the role of industry associations and other social organizations to promote advanced typical cases and create a good atmosphere for advancing future industry development.
(2) Increase financial support. Promote increased investment in the Manufacturing Transformation and Upgrading Fund, the National SME Development Fund, and other funds; implement the "Integration of Technology, Industry, and Finance" special program to drive more capital to invest early, small-scale, and in hard technology. Improve financial and fiscal support policies, encourage policy banks and financial institutions to increase investment, guide local governments to establish special funds for future industries, explore the establishment of risk compensation special funds, and optimize compensation measures such as risk reserve funds.
(3) Strengthen safety governance. Adhere to an inclusive and prudent governance philosophy, explore cross-department joint governance models, and build a future industry governance framework with multi-party participation and effective coordination. Strengthen research on ethical norms, scientifically define "red lines" and "bottom lines," and establish an integrated mechanism for identification, assessment, defense, and governance. Guide enterprises to establish self-discipline mechanisms for data management and product development, improve safety monitoring, early warning analysis, and emergency response methods to prevent risks in frontier technology applications.
(4) Deepen international cooperation. Relying on mechanisms such as the "Belt and Road," encourage domestic enterprises and research institutions to go global and deeply participate in the global division of future industries. Encourage multinational companies and foreign research institutions to establish frontier technology R&D centers in China, promote joint technology research and industrial application between domestic and foreign enterprises. Organize global future industry development forums and other activities, and form an international innovation alliance for future industries. Strengthen cooperation with relevant international organizations, actively participate in the formulation of international governance rules and standards, and actively contribute Chinese products, Chinese solutions, and Chinese wisdom.
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
Ministry of Science and Technology
Ministry of Culture and Tourism
State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council
Chinese Academy of Sciences
